By the age of two, a toddler begins to understand that other people can have needs and feelings that are different from his own. From that insight flows the awareness of possession or ownership. Before this age, the concept of theft doesn’t really even have any meaning. (Did anybody own anything in the Garden?) It isn’t until about age two that a young child is even capable of understanding the importance of respecting the belongings of other children.
This is the age when self-awareness and self-consciousness arise. Around age two, children begin to experiment with the difference between their own and their parents’ will and identity. They become conscious not just of the independence of others, but of a sense of how things “should be,”
and they begin to feel frustration if something doesn’t work right or if they can’t do something they’re told or expected to do. If you want to get a two-year-old upset, do something in front of him that you know he can’t do, and watch what happens when he tries to imitate you. Along with self-awareness come the beginnings of empathy: Two-year-olds approach others who are in distress and try to comfort them, instead of just becoming distressed themselves as an infant will do.
Around the middle of the second year, the frontal lobe of the brain has developed sufficiently to give a child the awareness of social demands, and an understanding that some actiouis are “bad” or forbidden. This is the age when a toddler will begin to show tempestuous emotions in response to his cvn transgressions. He does not yet understand why his action is bad, but he is able to pick up the signals that he is responsible for the bad action.
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